Gadgets can affect many children. If the so-called brain damage. What is the story true?
Apparently, the psychologist EllyRisman, can explain the truth about this brain damage, which tapinya associated with pornographic content when accessed using a mobile phone. Damage to parts of the brain due to pornography ever uncovered by a psychiatrist from the United States, Mark Kastleman.
Forebrain
Forebrain in children is actually not yet well developed. Part of this forebrain will mature at the age of 25 years. The brain is the central front that tell your body to do something. While supporting the forebrain receptor is the brain behind, which produce dopamine, the hormone that produces feelings of comfort or relax on a person. If from an early age children are exposed to pornography, his records would be difficult to be removed from memory and mind for a long time. If not anticipated, children can be addicted because of the influence of hormones produced dopamine when children enjoy pornography. As a result, the system in the forebrain have chaos and the body so no longer have self control.
Other neuroscience research results from Donald Hilton Jr.., brain surgeon and a leading doctor from Texas, found that pornography is actually the disease, because it can alter brain structure and function, in other words brain damage in five sections. Addiction to pornography is thought more severe than addiction to cocaine.
Source : Magazine Nakita
Kamis, 07 April 2011
7 red healthiest foods
Red foods generally contain many vitamins and minerals that are good for skin and eyes, are also rich in fiber and antioxidants to keep the heart and prevent various diseases.
Guava
The most nutritious fruits are rich in fiber, vitamins A, C, B3. Also contains potassium, magnesium, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. All that is required to maintain eye health, heart, immunity, digestion, and regulate metabolism.
Apple
This fruit contains vitamin C which is important for immunity and absorption of nutrients. Good fiber to prevent constipation.
Strawberries
Seductive and delicious fruit that contains vitamin C, potassium, manganese, potassium, fiber, and folate. These substances needed to aid the absorption of calcium and regulate blood sugar.
Watermelon
This juicy fruit that contains vitamin C, B1, B6, potassium, and magnesium. Necessary to maintain immunity and heart. Also rich in lycopene, a powerful antioxidant that is preventing cancer.
Tomatoes
It contains about 20 kinds of vitamins and minerals, including vitamins A, C, K is good to maintain eye function, immune, and skin regeneration. Also rich in lycopene, copper, folate, potassium, manganese, which is good to protect the nerve, bone, and regulate blood sugar levels. Vitamin B2 in it can cope with migraines.
Red Chili
Source of vitamins A, C, B6 is good for immunity, brain function, skin, eyes, and muscle strength. It also contains fiber, potassium, manganese and folate.
Red Kadang
Contains a good protein to repair cells and tissue damage, antioxidants and fiber.
Guava
The most nutritious fruits are rich in fiber, vitamins A, C, B3. Also contains potassium, magnesium, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. All that is required to maintain eye health, heart, immunity, digestion, and regulate metabolism.
Apple
This fruit contains vitamin C which is important for immunity and absorption of nutrients. Good fiber to prevent constipation.
Strawberries
Seductive and delicious fruit that contains vitamin C, potassium, manganese, potassium, fiber, and folate. These substances needed to aid the absorption of calcium and regulate blood sugar.
Watermelon
This juicy fruit that contains vitamin C, B1, B6, potassium, and magnesium. Necessary to maintain immunity and heart. Also rich in lycopene, a powerful antioxidant that is preventing cancer.
Tomatoes
It contains about 20 kinds of vitamins and minerals, including vitamins A, C, K is good to maintain eye function, immune, and skin regeneration. Also rich in lycopene, copper, folate, potassium, manganese, which is good to protect the nerve, bone, and regulate blood sugar levels. Vitamin B2 in it can cope with migraines.
Red Chili
Source of vitamins A, C, B6 is good for immunity, brain function, skin, eyes, and muscle strength. It also contains fiber, potassium, manganese and folate.
Red Kadang
Contains a good protein to repair cells and tissue damage, antioxidants and fiber.
adverbial clause
Adverbial Clause
Adverbial Clause is a Clause which functions as an adverb, which describes a verb.
Adverbial Clause usually classified based on "the meaning / intent" of the conjunction (conjunctive that preceded it).
The types of adverbial Clause:
1. Clause of Time
Clause which shows the time. Usually made by using conjunction (conjunctive) as after, before, no sooner, while, axles, etc..
Example:
* No sooner she ENTERED Than Had he Gave an order.
* You begin May Pls (ever) you are ready.
* While he was walking home, he saw an accident
2. Clause of Place
That show where clause. Usually made by using such conjunction Nowhere, nowhere, anywhere, Wherever, etc..
Example:
* Go Nowhere you like.
* The guard Stood Nowhere he was positioned.
* Where there is poverty, there We find discontent and unrest.
3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)
Clause which shows the contradiction between the two incidents or events that are related. Usually made by using conjunction, such as although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, etc..
Example:
* As the time you were the resource persons sleeping, We Were working hard.
* Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
* Although it is late, We'll stay a little longer.
* He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.
4. Clause of Manner
Clause which shows the cars how a job is done or event occurs. Usually made by using conjunction (conjunctive) such as, how, like, in that, etc..
Example:
* He did as I toll uterus.
* You May finish it how you like.
* May They beat us again, like They did in 1978.
5. Clause of Purpose and Result
Clause which shows the relationship intent / objectives and outcomes. Usually made by using conjunctions such as (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, etc..
Example:
* They Went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
* She Bought a book so (that) Could she learn Bahasa
* He is saving his money so he he That May take a long vacation.
* I am working night and day in the Hope that I cans finish this book soon.
6. Clause of Cause and Effect
Clause which shows the relationship of cause and effect. There are several patterns to form this kind Clause. Take a good look.
Example:
* Ryan ran so fast That he broke the previous speed record.
* It was so cold yesterday That I Did not Want To swim.
* The Soup That Tastes so good will of everyone ask for more.
* The Student Had he behaved so badly That was dismissed from the class.
Example:
* The Smiths That Had so many children They formed Their own baseball team.
* I had job offers so Few That it wasn't Difficult to select one.
Example:
* He has invested so much money in the project That he can not abandon it now.
* The grass received so little water That it turned brown in the heat.
Example:
* It was a hot day Such That We decided to stay Indoors. OR It was so hot a day That We decided to stay Indoors.
* It was Such an interesting book That he couldn't put it down. OR It was so interesting a book That he couldn't put it down.
Example:
* She has Such exceptional Abilities That everyone is jealous of her.
* They are Such beautiful pictures Want That everybody will of one.
* Perry has Had Such bad luck That he's decided not to Gamble.
* This Is Such That Difficult homework I will of never finish it.
In addition, to reveal the relationship of cause and effect (cause and effect) can be used in other patterns, namely:
1. Using the Preposition (preposition) like Because of, due to, due to the fact that, etc.
Example:
* Because of the cold weather, We stayed home. (= We stayed home Because of the cold weather)
* Due to the cold weather, We stayed home. (= We stayed home due to the cold weather)
* Due to the fact That the weather was cold, We stayed home. (= We stayed home due to the fact That the weather was cold)
2. Using conjunctions (conjunction) as Because, since, now, that, as, as long as, in as much as
Example:
* In as much as the two government leaders Could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote.
* Since he's not Interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.
* As she Had nothing in particular to do, she Called up a friend and asked her if she wanted to take in a movie.
7. Clause of Condition
Clause which shows the requirements between the two events (events) are related. Usually made by using conjunctions like if, even if, unless, in the event that, or in the event that, in case, provided (that), Providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing ( that), etc..
Example:
• If I see uterus, I will from uterus invite to the party tomorrow.
• She Would forgive her husband everything, if only he Would come back to her.
• Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have insurance to cover Enough Such a loss.
• In case a Robbery occurs in the hotel, the management must be Notified at once.
• The company will from agree to arbitration on condition (that) the strike is Called off at once.
• We Should Be Able to do the job for you Quickly, provided (that) you give us all the Necessary information.
Posted by Arditya Wisesa
Adverbial Clause is a Clause which functions as an adverb, which describes a verb.
Adverbial Clause usually classified based on "the meaning / intent" of the conjunction (conjunctive that preceded it).
The types of adverbial Clause:
1. Clause of Time
Clause which shows the time. Usually made by using conjunction (conjunctive) as after, before, no sooner, while, axles, etc..
Example:
* No sooner she ENTERED Than Had he Gave an order.
* You begin May Pls (ever) you are ready.
* While he was walking home, he saw an accident
2. Clause of Place
That show where clause. Usually made by using such conjunction Nowhere, nowhere, anywhere, Wherever, etc..
Example:
* Go Nowhere you like.
* The guard Stood Nowhere he was positioned.
* Where there is poverty, there We find discontent and unrest.
3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)
Clause which shows the contradiction between the two incidents or events that are related. Usually made by using conjunction, such as although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, etc..
Example:
* As the time you were the resource persons sleeping, We Were working hard.
* Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
* Although it is late, We'll stay a little longer.
* He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.
4. Clause of Manner
Clause which shows the cars how a job is done or event occurs. Usually made by using conjunction (conjunctive) such as, how, like, in that, etc..
Example:
* He did as I toll uterus.
* You May finish it how you like.
* May They beat us again, like They did in 1978.
5. Clause of Purpose and Result
Clause which shows the relationship intent / objectives and outcomes. Usually made by using conjunctions such as (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, etc..
Example:
* They Went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
* She Bought a book so (that) Could she learn Bahasa
* He is saving his money so he he That May take a long vacation.
* I am working night and day in the Hope that I cans finish this book soon.
6. Clause of Cause and Effect
Clause which shows the relationship of cause and effect. There are several patterns to form this kind Clause. Take a good look.
Example:
* Ryan ran so fast That he broke the previous speed record.
* It was so cold yesterday That I Did not Want To swim.
* The Soup That Tastes so good will of everyone ask for more.
* The Student Had he behaved so badly That was dismissed from the class.
Example:
* The Smiths That Had so many children They formed Their own baseball team.
* I had job offers so Few That it wasn't Difficult to select one.
Example:
* He has invested so much money in the project That he can not abandon it now.
* The grass received so little water That it turned brown in the heat.
Example:
* It was a hot day Such That We decided to stay Indoors. OR It was so hot a day That We decided to stay Indoors.
* It was Such an interesting book That he couldn't put it down. OR It was so interesting a book That he couldn't put it down.
Example:
* She has Such exceptional Abilities That everyone is jealous of her.
* They are Such beautiful pictures Want That everybody will of one.
* Perry has Had Such bad luck That he's decided not to Gamble.
* This Is Such That Difficult homework I will of never finish it.
In addition, to reveal the relationship of cause and effect (cause and effect) can be used in other patterns, namely:
1. Using the Preposition (preposition) like Because of, due to, due to the fact that, etc.
Example:
* Because of the cold weather, We stayed home. (= We stayed home Because of the cold weather)
* Due to the cold weather, We stayed home. (= We stayed home due to the cold weather)
* Due to the fact That the weather was cold, We stayed home. (= We stayed home due to the fact That the weather was cold)
2. Using conjunctions (conjunction) as Because, since, now, that, as, as long as, in as much as
Example:
* In as much as the two government leaders Could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote.
* Since he's not Interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.
* As she Had nothing in particular to do, she Called up a friend and asked her if she wanted to take in a movie.
7. Clause of Condition
Clause which shows the requirements between the two events (events) are related. Usually made by using conjunctions like if, even if, unless, in the event that, or in the event that, in case, provided (that), Providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing ( that), etc..
Example:
• If I see uterus, I will from uterus invite to the party tomorrow.
• She Would forgive her husband everything, if only he Would come back to her.
• Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have insurance to cover Enough Such a loss.
• In case a Robbery occurs in the hotel, the management must be Notified at once.
• The company will from agree to arbitration on condition (that) the strike is Called off at once.
• We Should Be Able to do the job for you Quickly, provided (that) you give us all the Necessary information.
Posted by Arditya Wisesa
quoted reported
QUOTED REPORTED
1. Bob said to me, “Mary is crying on my shoulder at the moment”.
Bob said to me that Mary was crying on his shoulder at the moment.
2. Tom said to me, “I don’t want to eat this food”.
Tom said to me that he didn’t want to eat that food.
3. Mary said to me, “I called my friend yesterday”.
Mary said to me that she had called her friend the before day.
4. Bill said to me, “The childrens are planning to go to that new museum now”.
Bill said to me that the childrens were planning to go to this new museum then.
5. Tom said to me, “I haven’t called mary since yesterday”
Tom said to me that he hadn’t called mary since the before day.
6. Joe said to me that he had been sitting there next to my house since two hours before.
Joe said to me, “I have been sitting here next to your house since two hours before”.
7. John said to mary that he had written all of their stories in his new book.
John said to mary, “I have written all of our stories in my new book”.
8. Jane said to me that she created her new painting in my room.
Jane said to me, “I create my new painting in your room”.
9. Tom said to me that he spent his time in his room.
Tom said to me, “I spend my time in my room”.
10. Bob said to me that Anne didn’t put the dictionary on that table.
Bob said to me, “Anne doesn’t put the dictionary on this table”.
1. Bob said to me, “Mary is crying on my shoulder at the moment”.
Bob said to me that Mary was crying on his shoulder at the moment.
2. Tom said to me, “I don’t want to eat this food”.
Tom said to me that he didn’t want to eat that food.
3. Mary said to me, “I called my friend yesterday”.
Mary said to me that she had called her friend the before day.
4. Bill said to me, “The childrens are planning to go to that new museum now”.
Bill said to me that the childrens were planning to go to this new museum then.
5. Tom said to me, “I haven’t called mary since yesterday”
Tom said to me that he hadn’t called mary since the before day.
6. Joe said to me that he had been sitting there next to my house since two hours before.
Joe said to me, “I have been sitting here next to your house since two hours before”.
7. John said to mary that he had written all of their stories in his new book.
John said to mary, “I have written all of our stories in my new book”.
8. Jane said to me that she created her new painting in my room.
Jane said to me, “I create my new painting in your room”.
9. Tom said to me that he spent his time in his room.
Tom said to me, “I spend my time in my room”.
10. Bob said to me that Anne didn’t put the dictionary on that table.
Bob said to me, “Anne doesn’t put the dictionary on this table”.
Selasa, 08 Maret 2011
QUEEN SEPARATION
QUEEN SEPARATION
One of the best experiences I which is when I became queen separation when I was in senior high school. It is an unforgettable experience and is a very wonderful experience for me. I'm very happy to be queen separation. I was chosen to be representative of the students, especially women.
At that time I actually became one of the participants choir team. Oh yes, I was active in extracurricular choir since I was a first-class. Initially I followed the choir competition of Bekasi. I was elected as one of the choir team. I did not expect to be one of the choir team, because the senior student who is participant choir team they have a good voice. And they have the talent in that field. Among them there are who take vocal lessons and also often follow prestigious competitions, and those that follow the show Indonesian Idol. While I only sing in the bathroom… hehe
Initially there is an assessment singing on a first-class in art lessons. We were told to sing the ancient songs that are very close to the people. I sang the benjamin’s song, the title “Hujan Gerimis” and there are many student who sing that song. I had to think would not be permitted by our teacher when some students of our class singing the same song. But I do not have the preparation to another song. With great confidence I entered the room assessment. And I'm singing it well, because I never sang this song in the show in the event August 17 in my home environment. I also included the choir team IKRA (Ikatan Remaja) in my home environment.
At the time assessment of seven student who entered the room and I became of the sixth. After the seven student entered the room the teacher asked us all to go into the room because she did not want to hear another student to sing “Hujan Gerimis” again. My teacher said "mother has assess seven people, and they all sing the same song. Me no longer wants anyone to sing this song. And among the seven people who were calling, all of you abort and sing another song except Dede Nurani Sari ". That person is me.
One day my art teacher who named Irna told us that our school will follow the competition choir round Bekasi. And she'll take some of us as representatives of our class. I was chosen to be one representative from my class. Since then I began exercise for preparation. After school I always exercise before went home. As to approach day competition we often do not attend class. Apparently after we follow the exercises every day, we all still have to be selected. After the test selection, the senior student told of one that was elected to the choir participants. And it turned, I’m the one who selected of two students. I was surprised, I did not think that I was chosen.
We're choir team competition with passion and confidence. As a result my school to be the top ten of Bekasi who followed the competition. I'm very pleased. Not futile I exercise every day.
ะค
When preparation to separation. The performers from formal events to entertainment events do exercises together. I sat in choir team. We all exercise vigorously. Because we have passed the three-day national exam is very stressful.
Suddenly the guidance counselor called me and asked me to become queen separation. I rejected the offer teacher. Wow I have rejected the chance that happens only once. Because the teacher is forced and very out for help finally I accepted the offer.
when exercise I have felt happy. I was very lucky students.
After becoming queen separation, I must be a choir team.
Jogja….2010
At 8 pm a separation ceremony began.
Me and the prince prepared to stand outside the hall. Traditional dances accompany us into the hall. We entered the hall very slowly. All eyes were on us both. That night I felt like the artist surrounded by the paparazzi. They were busy taking our photos.
High school years are the most beautiful as well as an unforgettable time. I'm so glad to have a very wonderful experience during high school. This is a very valuable experience and I will not be forgotten.
This is my good experience
One of the best experiences I which is when I became queen separation when I was in senior high school. It is an unforgettable experience and is a very wonderful experience for me. I'm very happy to be queen separation. I was chosen to be representative of the students, especially women.
At that time I actually became one of the participants choir team. Oh yes, I was active in extracurricular choir since I was a first-class. Initially I followed the choir competition of Bekasi. I was elected as one of the choir team. I did not expect to be one of the choir team, because the senior student who is participant choir team they have a good voice. And they have the talent in that field. Among them there are who take vocal lessons and also often follow prestigious competitions, and those that follow the show Indonesian Idol. While I only sing in the bathroom… hehe
Initially there is an assessment singing on a first-class in art lessons. We were told to sing the ancient songs that are very close to the people. I sang the benjamin’s song, the title “Hujan Gerimis” and there are many student who sing that song. I had to think would not be permitted by our teacher when some students of our class singing the same song. But I do not have the preparation to another song. With great confidence I entered the room assessment. And I'm singing it well, because I never sang this song in the show in the event August 17 in my home environment. I also included the choir team IKRA (Ikatan Remaja) in my home environment.
At the time assessment of seven student who entered the room and I became of the sixth. After the seven student entered the room the teacher asked us all to go into the room because she did not want to hear another student to sing “Hujan Gerimis” again. My teacher said "mother has assess seven people, and they all sing the same song. Me no longer wants anyone to sing this song. And among the seven people who were calling, all of you abort and sing another song except Dede Nurani Sari ". That person is me.
One day my art teacher who named Irna told us that our school will follow the competition choir round Bekasi. And she'll take some of us as representatives of our class. I was chosen to be one representative from my class. Since then I began exercise for preparation. After school I always exercise before went home. As to approach day competition we often do not attend class. Apparently after we follow the exercises every day, we all still have to be selected. After the test selection, the senior student told of one that was elected to the choir participants. And it turned, I’m the one who selected of two students. I was surprised, I did not think that I was chosen.
We're choir team competition with passion and confidence. As a result my school to be the top ten of Bekasi who followed the competition. I'm very pleased. Not futile I exercise every day.
ะค
When preparation to separation. The performers from formal events to entertainment events do exercises together. I sat in choir team. We all exercise vigorously. Because we have passed the three-day national exam is very stressful.
Suddenly the guidance counselor called me and asked me to become queen separation. I rejected the offer teacher. Wow I have rejected the chance that happens only once. Because the teacher is forced and very out for help finally I accepted the offer.
when exercise I have felt happy. I was very lucky students.
After becoming queen separation, I must be a choir team.
Jogja….2010
At 8 pm a separation ceremony began.
Me and the prince prepared to stand outside the hall. Traditional dances accompany us into the hall. We entered the hall very slowly. All eyes were on us both. That night I felt like the artist surrounded by the paparazzi. They were busy taking our photos.
High school years are the most beautiful as well as an unforgettable time. I'm so glad to have a very wonderful experience during high school. This is a very valuable experience and I will not be forgotten.
This is my good experience
Kamis, 06 Januari 2011
rangkuman
KONSEP ILMU BUDAYA DASAR DALAM KESUSASTRAAN
A. Pendekatan kesusastraan
IBD yang dulu mempunyai nama Basic Humanities, yang berasal dari bahasa inggris the humanities. Istiloah ini berasal dari bahasa latin Humanus, yang berarti manusiawi, berbudaya, dan halus.untuk menjadi homo humanus, manusia harus mempelajari ilmu the humanities. Pada umumnya the humanities mencangkup filsafat, teologi, seni dan cabang-cabangnya termasuk sejarah, sastra, cetrita rakyat, dan sebagainya.
IBD adalah salah satu mata kuliah yagn diberikan dalam satu semester, sebagai bagian dari MKDU. IBD semata-mata sebagai salah satu usaha yang mengembangkan kepribadian mahasiswa dengan memperluas wawasan pemikiran serta kemampuan kritikalnya terhadap nilai-nilai budaya.
B. Ilmu budaya dasar yang dihubungkan dengan prosa
Istilah ini banyak padanannya. Kadang disebut juga narrative fiction, prosa fiction atau hanya fiction saja. Dalam bahasa Indonesia sering diterjemahkan menjadi cerita rekaan dan didefinisikan sebagai bentuk cerita atau prosa kisahan yang mempunyai pemerran, lakuan, peristiwa dan alur yang dihasilkan oleh daya khayal atau imajinasi. Dalam kesusastraan Indonesia kita mengenal jenis prosa lama dan prosa baru :
A. Prosa lama meliputi
1. Dongeng-dongeng
2. Hikayat
3. Sejarah
4. Epos
5. Cerita pelipur lara
B. Prosa baru meliputi
1. Cerita pendek
2. Roman/novel
3. Biografi
4. Kisah
5. Otobiografi
C. Nilai – nilai dalam prosa fiksi
Sebagai seni yang bertulang punggung cerita, mau tidak mau karya sastra ( prosa fiksi ) langsung atau tidak langsung membawakan moral, pesan atau cerita. Dengan kata lain prosa mempunya bnilai-nilai yang diperoleh pembaca lewat sastra. Adapun nilai-nila yagn diperoleh pembaca lewat sastra antara lain :
1. Prosa fiksi memberikan ketenangan
2. Prosa fiksi memberikan informasi
3. Prosa fiksi memberikan warisan cultural
4. Prosa fiksi memberikan keseimbangan wawasan
D. Ilmu budaya dasar yang dihubungkan dengan puisi
Puisi termasuk seni sastra, sedangkan sastra bagian dari kesenian, dan kesenian cabang/unsure dari kebudayaan. Jadi makna puisi berarti ekpresi pengalaman jiwa penyair mengenai kehidupan manusia, alam, dan tuhan melalui media bahasa yang artistic/estetik, yang secara padu dan utuh dipadatkan kata-katanya. Kepuitisan, Keartistikan atau Keestetikan bahasa puisi disebabkan oleh kreativitas penyair dalam membangun puisinya dengan mengunakan :
1. Figura bahasa ( figurative language ) seperti gaya personifikasi, metafora, perbandingan, alegori, dsb sehingga puisi menjadi segar, hidup, menarik, dan member kejelasan gambaran angan.
2. Kata-kata yagn ambiquitas yaitu kata-kata yang bermakna ganda, banyak tafsir.
3. Kata-kata berjiwa yaitu kata-kata yang sudah diberi suasana tertentu, berisi perasaan dan pengalaman jiwa penyair sehingga terasa hidup dan memukau.
4. Kata-kata yang konotatif yaitu kata-kata yang sudah diberi tambahan nilai-nilai rasa dan asosiasi-asosiasi tertentu.
5. Pengulangan, yagn berfungsi untuk mengintensifkan hal-hal yagn dilukiskan, sehingga lebih menggugah hati.
Adapun alasan-alasan yagn mendasari penyajian puisi pada perkuliahan ilmu budaya dasar adalah sebagai berikut :
1. Hubungan puisi dengan pengalaman hidup manusia
2. Puisi dan keinsyafan/kesadaran individual
3. Puisi dan keinsyafan social
Secara imaginative puisi dapat menafsirkan situasi dasar manusia social yang bisa berupa :
• Penderitaan atas ketidak adilan
• Perjuangan untuk kekuasaan
• Konflik dengan sesamanya
• Pemberontakan terhadap hokum tuhan
Puisi-puisi umumnya sarat akan nilai-nilai, estitika dan juga kemanusiaan. Salah satu nilai kemanusian yang banyak mewarnai puisi-puisi adalah cinta kasih ( yang terpaut didalamnya kasih sayang, cinta, kemesraan dan renungan ).
A. Pendekatan kesusastraan
IBD yang dulu mempunyai nama Basic Humanities, yang berasal dari bahasa inggris the humanities. Istiloah ini berasal dari bahasa latin Humanus, yang berarti manusiawi, berbudaya, dan halus.untuk menjadi homo humanus, manusia harus mempelajari ilmu the humanities. Pada umumnya the humanities mencangkup filsafat, teologi, seni dan cabang-cabangnya termasuk sejarah, sastra, cetrita rakyat, dan sebagainya.
IBD adalah salah satu mata kuliah yagn diberikan dalam satu semester, sebagai bagian dari MKDU. IBD semata-mata sebagai salah satu usaha yang mengembangkan kepribadian mahasiswa dengan memperluas wawasan pemikiran serta kemampuan kritikalnya terhadap nilai-nilai budaya.
B. Ilmu budaya dasar yang dihubungkan dengan prosa
Istilah ini banyak padanannya. Kadang disebut juga narrative fiction, prosa fiction atau hanya fiction saja. Dalam bahasa Indonesia sering diterjemahkan menjadi cerita rekaan dan didefinisikan sebagai bentuk cerita atau prosa kisahan yang mempunyai pemerran, lakuan, peristiwa dan alur yang dihasilkan oleh daya khayal atau imajinasi. Dalam kesusastraan Indonesia kita mengenal jenis prosa lama dan prosa baru :
A. Prosa lama meliputi
1. Dongeng-dongeng
2. Hikayat
3. Sejarah
4. Epos
5. Cerita pelipur lara
B. Prosa baru meliputi
1. Cerita pendek
2. Roman/novel
3. Biografi
4. Kisah
5. Otobiografi
C. Nilai – nilai dalam prosa fiksi
Sebagai seni yang bertulang punggung cerita, mau tidak mau karya sastra ( prosa fiksi ) langsung atau tidak langsung membawakan moral, pesan atau cerita. Dengan kata lain prosa mempunya bnilai-nilai yang diperoleh pembaca lewat sastra. Adapun nilai-nila yagn diperoleh pembaca lewat sastra antara lain :
1. Prosa fiksi memberikan ketenangan
2. Prosa fiksi memberikan informasi
3. Prosa fiksi memberikan warisan cultural
4. Prosa fiksi memberikan keseimbangan wawasan
D. Ilmu budaya dasar yang dihubungkan dengan puisi
Puisi termasuk seni sastra, sedangkan sastra bagian dari kesenian, dan kesenian cabang/unsure dari kebudayaan. Jadi makna puisi berarti ekpresi pengalaman jiwa penyair mengenai kehidupan manusia, alam, dan tuhan melalui media bahasa yang artistic/estetik, yang secara padu dan utuh dipadatkan kata-katanya. Kepuitisan, Keartistikan atau Keestetikan bahasa puisi disebabkan oleh kreativitas penyair dalam membangun puisinya dengan mengunakan :
1. Figura bahasa ( figurative language ) seperti gaya personifikasi, metafora, perbandingan, alegori, dsb sehingga puisi menjadi segar, hidup, menarik, dan member kejelasan gambaran angan.
2. Kata-kata yagn ambiquitas yaitu kata-kata yang bermakna ganda, banyak tafsir.
3. Kata-kata berjiwa yaitu kata-kata yang sudah diberi suasana tertentu, berisi perasaan dan pengalaman jiwa penyair sehingga terasa hidup dan memukau.
4. Kata-kata yang konotatif yaitu kata-kata yang sudah diberi tambahan nilai-nilai rasa dan asosiasi-asosiasi tertentu.
5. Pengulangan, yagn berfungsi untuk mengintensifkan hal-hal yagn dilukiskan, sehingga lebih menggugah hati.
Adapun alasan-alasan yagn mendasari penyajian puisi pada perkuliahan ilmu budaya dasar adalah sebagai berikut :
1. Hubungan puisi dengan pengalaman hidup manusia
2. Puisi dan keinsyafan/kesadaran individual
3. Puisi dan keinsyafan social
Secara imaginative puisi dapat menafsirkan situasi dasar manusia social yang bisa berupa :
• Penderitaan atas ketidak adilan
• Perjuangan untuk kekuasaan
• Konflik dengan sesamanya
• Pemberontakan terhadap hokum tuhan
Puisi-puisi umumnya sarat akan nilai-nilai, estitika dan juga kemanusiaan. Salah satu nilai kemanusian yang banyak mewarnai puisi-puisi adalah cinta kasih ( yang terpaut didalamnya kasih sayang, cinta, kemesraan dan renungan ).
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Wayang Kulit
Wayang kulit merupakan kebudayaan seni tradisional Indonesia terutama di jawa. Wayang berasal dari kata Ma Hyang artinya menuju kepada yang maha esa, kulit dimainkan oleh seorang dalang yang juga menjadi narator dialog tokoh-tokoh wayang, dengan diiringi oleh musik gamelan yang dimainkan sekelompok nayaga dan tembang yang dinyanyikan oleh para pesinden.
Dalam pertunjukannya wayang kulit di mainkan oleh dalang yang berada di balik layar putih yang di soroti oleh lampu. Sedangkan penonton melihatnya dari balik layar yang satunya lagi dengan melihat bayangan dari layar putih. Oleh karena itu penonton harus mempunyai pengetahuan akan tokoh-tokoh wayang yang bayangannya tampil di layar.
Secara umum wayang mengambil cerita dari naskah Mahabharata dan Ramayana, tetapi tak dibatasi hanya dengan pakem (standard) tersebut, ki dalang bisa juga memainkan lakon carangan (gubahan). Beberapa cerita diambil dari cerita Panji. Dalang wayang kulit yang saat ini terkenal adalah Ki Manteb Sudharsono.
Wayang kulit pun banyak rupanya sesuai daerah mereka masing-masing seperti :
• Wayang Kulit Gagrag Yogyakarta
• Wayang Kulit Gagrag Surakarta
• Wayang Kulit Gagrag Banyumasan
• Wayang Kulit Gagrag Jawa Timuran
• Wayang Bali
• Wayang Kulit Banjar (Kalimantan Selatan)
• Wayang Palembang (Sumatera Selatan)
• Wayang Betawi (Jakarta)
• Wayang Cirebon (Jawa Barat)
• Wayang Madura (sudah punah)
• Wayang Siam
Wayang Kulit
Wayang kulit merupakan kebudayaan seni tradisional Indonesia terutama di jawa. Wayang berasal dari kata Ma Hyang artinya menuju kepada yang maha esa, kulit dimainkan oleh seorang dalang yang juga menjadi narator dialog tokoh-tokoh wayang, dengan diiringi oleh musik gamelan yang dimainkan sekelompok nayaga dan tembang yang dinyanyikan oleh para pesinden.
Dalam pertunjukannya wayang kulit di mainkan oleh dalang yang berada di balik layar putih yang di soroti oleh lampu. Sedangkan penonton melihatnya dari balik layar yang satunya lagi dengan melihat bayangan dari layar putih. Oleh karena itu penonton harus mempunyai pengetahuan akan tokoh-tokoh wayang yang bayangannya tampil di layar.
Secara umum wayang mengambil cerita dari naskah Mahabharata dan Ramayana, tetapi tak dibatasi hanya dengan pakem (standard) tersebut, ki dalang bisa juga memainkan lakon carangan (gubahan). Beberapa cerita diambil dari cerita Panji. Dalang wayang kulit yang saat ini terkenal adalah Ki Manteb Sudharsono.
Wayang kulit pun banyak rupanya sesuai daerah mereka masing-masing seperti :
• Wayang Kulit Gagrag Yogyakarta
• Wayang Kulit Gagrag Surakarta
• Wayang Kulit Gagrag Banyumasan
• Wayang Kulit Gagrag Jawa Timuran
• Wayang Bali
• Wayang Kulit Banjar (Kalimantan Selatan)
• Wayang Palembang (Sumatera Selatan)
• Wayang Betawi (Jakarta)
• Wayang Cirebon (Jawa Barat)
• Wayang Madura (sudah punah)
• Wayang Siam
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